The Bohr model shown above helps us calculate and conceptualize absorption and emission spectra. It's useful.
But it's a pack of lies playing without a full deck and a few fries short of a Happy Meal.
The electron cloud model is better. Electrons are not particles until they interact in certain ways with certain somethings. We know they don't orbit the nucleus since they're not particles - they're most appropriately represented as probability functions, not particles.
Here's Nova's take.
But even that's a problems because we know that electrons are not tiny little planets orbiting the nuclear sun because of that pesky WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY. Those electrons are waves or probability functions until something interacts with them.
And just in case you thought protons and neutrons were fundamental particles, that's a lie too.
Those protons and neutrons are made up of QUARKS. There are six FLAVOURS of quark. Each quark can have red, green, or blue COLOR CHARGE. Whatever that means.
Those protons and neutrons are composed of the same two quarks in different combinations.
And here's a song to help you make sense of it all. It'll probably confuse you even more.
We tell you lies all the time in science. Kem and Fzx and all the rest. They are simplifications that help us deal with concepts in certain ways that aren't overly complicated for your level of understanding. It's a lot more complicated than whatever we tell you. Always. Fascinating.
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